SHEN WEN QUAN
Vice-chairman，Science & Technology Committee CNNC
沈文权  中国核工业集团公司科技委 副主任
 
中国核电国产化论坛
Forum on Nuclear Power Localization in China
2006.3.30.  Beijing. 
General 综述
      Considering Energy and environment safety, nuclear power development is the must in China, especially in coast area. By 2020, the planned nuclear power capacity will be 40 GW, about 4% share of total installed electric capacity. 考虑到能源安全和环境安全，中国发展核电是必由之路，特别是在沿海地区。2020年，计划的核电容量将达到40GW，占电力总容量约4%。
         Obviously, after 2020, in China the usable hydropower site getting less and less, while the coal power having more impact on environment, the nuclear power will develop much faster in a larger scale, and its importance in the China’s energy frame be indubitable. 显然，2020年以后，中国可用的水电厂址越来越少，同时煤电对环境的压力也越来越大，核电发展的规模将会更大，它在中国能源结构中的重要性是毋用置疑的。
 
 
 
Development Status 发展现状
       There are 9 operating units which have an installed capacity of 6998MW   ( accounting   for 1.59% of the gross capacity ),  presenting approximately 2.3% of total electric generation in mainland  of China.   The safe operation of all operating NPPs has been always kept in good condition.    At current,   there is still a lower proportion of the nuclear power to total power generation in China.
          Recently, the State Council has agreed to start 4 nuclear power projects (8 units altogether), namely Qinshan II extension,   Linao phase II,   Sanmen and Yangjiang NPPs.  The nuclear power is stepping into a new era of a broad perspective in China.      
            目前中国大陆上正在运行的核电机组共有9台，装机容量达6998兆瓦，占总装机容量1.59%，占总发电量2.3%。始终保持安全运行的良好记录。现在核电在总电量的份额仍然较低。最近国务院已经批准了4个新的核电项目（共8台机组），它们是：秦山二期扩建，岭东，三门和阳江核电站。中国的核电进入了加快发展的新纪元。
Status of NPP in 2005 核电厂现状
        Site
        厂址       Capacity/Type
      容量/堆型    Date on Grid
    并网日期          Capability Factor
   能力因子(%)
   Qinshan I    300MW/PWR 1991.12.15.           87.02
  Daya Bay -1         900MW/PWR 1993.08.31.           89.96
                   -2      900MW/PWR 1994.02.07.           
  Qinshan II -1         600MW/PWR 2002.02.01.           86.70
                     -2      600MW/PWR 2004.03.11.   
    Lingao -1   984MW/PWR 2002.04.05.            87.16
                -2      984MW/PWR 2002.12.15.          
  Qinshan III -1         700MW/PHWR       2002.11.10             80.98
                      -2      700MW/PHWR       2003.06.12.           
   Tianwan  -1       1000MW/PWR       2006.04.      
                   -2    1000MW/PWR       2006.12.      
NPP Operation performance above Medium核电站运行水平达到国际中等偏上水平
    Compared with the WANO plant performance indicators, most of them have been above the medium levels and part of them are in top quartile levels. 根据WANO（世界核电运行者协会）相关评价指标的评定，我国核电站的整体运行水平已进入国际中等偏上行列，部分指标已进入前四分之一行列。
  
     CAEA Operation Annual Report says, “ the radioactive effluent discharges have been below the national limits since the first NPP put into operation. All plants have no adverse impact on the environment.”中国国家原子能机构核电运行年报称：“已投运的核电厂放射性排出流的排放量均低于国家规定的排放限值，核电厂运行没有给环境带来不良影响。”
NUCLEAR POWER -- IMPORTANT ROLE IN LOCAL PROVINCES 核电在部分省区的重要作用
   The available 3 sites已经建成了三个厂址:
        Site                 Units in          Output to the       Ratio to total regional       
                                   Operation         Grid in 2004             Elec. Generation
            厂址                运行机组         上网电量(GWh)       占地区总发电量比例
   Qinshan秦山      5           20489              18.62%
   Daya Bay大亚湾     4           27312*             11.99%
 *The part to Hongkong grid excluded（未含向香港供电量）。      
       Tianwan site: 2 Units will operate before end of 2006. Then total installed nuclear capacity in China will reach 10350MW.   田湾厂址两台机组将在2006年底投运，届时全国核电总装机容量将达1035万千瓦。
NUCLEAR POWER ECONOMICS AFTER COAL PRICE UNLASHED    煤价放开后核电的经济性
     The coal price increased rapidly in coastal regions. Based on the coal price in September 2004, in those regions, where the coal price exceed 400 yuan/ton (about $50/ton), nuclear power has positive economical competitiveness to the coal power.
         沿海地区煤价快速增长以2004年9月的煤价为基础，列表数据表明，凡煤价超过400元/吨（约50美元/吨）的地区核电价对煤电价具有肯定的经济竞争力。    
    Region               Zhu river    Yangzhi     Bohai     near coal      at coal
                                        delta           delta     Bay side      mine           mine       
Coal price(yuan/ton)       600             500          400            300             200
Elec. Price to grid           487.4          442.8       398.2         353.6          307.0        
  (yuan/MWh)
    Coal/Nuclear               1.255         1.140         1.025         0.911          0.791  
    EXPECTED DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF NUCLEAR                       POWER BEFORE 2020 （ 2020年前的预期发展目标）
    The expected development goal of nuclear power in China before 2020 is to reach the total installed capacity of 40GW.      To ensure the fulfillment of above goal, at least 2-3 units of 1000MW NPPs have to start construction each year from now on.
       2020年前中国核电发展的预期目标为总装机达到40GW，占据中国大陆电力总装机量的4%。为确保完成这一目标，从现在起至少每年需要开工2--3台百万千瓦的核电机组。
Near-Term Program
(2005-2006) 近期规划
    --The extension of Qinshan II, units 3&4 (2X650MWe), will start construction in March 2006;
    -- 秦山二期扩建3号和4号机组（2台65万千瓦），将于2006年3月开工。
   --The extension of Lingao, units 3&4 (2X900MWe), unit3 started construction before the end of 2006.      --岭澳扩建3号和4号机组，其中3号机组已于2006年底前开工。
Medium-Term Program
  (2007-2015)中期规划
    Evolution of 2nd generation design改进的第二代:
    --Fangjiashan方家山(near Qinshan): 2X1000MW, (CNP1000);
     --Tianwan 田湾 (Jiangsu province): 可建6X1000MW, PWR;
      --Haiyang海阳 (Shandong province):可建6X1000MW,   PWR;
      --Hongyanhe红沿河 (Liaoning province):可建6X1000MW, PWR;
     First batch of 3rd generation design首批第三代:    
      --Sanmen 三门 (Zhejiang province): 2X1000/1500MW, PWR;
      --Yangjiang 阳江 (Guangdong province): 2X1000/1500MW, PWR;
   Long-Term Program  (2015-2025)长期规划
Advanced PWR 先进压水堆（第三代）:
    --Year 2012: Start construction of  self-relied first advanced PWR (3-rd generation design), ACNP；2012年开工中国品牌的第三代压水堆（第三代设计）首期工程，ACNP;
    --After 2017: Batch construction of ACNP ;2017年后批量建设ACNP；
Fast Reactor快堆:
    --Around 2008: Finish construction of China Experimental Fast Reactor (65MWe); 2008年建成中国实验快堆；
    --Around 2020: Construction of prototype fast reactor NPP (600/800MWe); 2020年建设原型快堆；
Other Innovative Reactors : --Integral PWR, PBMR, and SCWR
其它先进反应堆：一体化压水堆，球床气冷堆，超临界水堆.
发展核电的方针是“以我为主，中外合作”
Policy of Development: Relying on ourselves, while encouraging SINO-Foreign Cooperation
        The success of China’s nuclear power development has been benefited from good international cooperation surrounding. The further development will still need international support. The selection principles for foreign partners are as follows:
     1, To provide mature and advanced technologies;  2, To make full use of available technical bases and help to localize the nuclear power in China;    3, To provide favorable economical cooperation conditions.
            中国核电发展的成功得益于良好的国际合作环境，进一步的发展仍然离不开国际同行的合作和支持。选择国际合作伙伴有三个原则：1、可以向中国提供成熟的、先进的技术；2、愿意充分利用我国原有的基础，帮助中国核电的国产化；3、经济上可以提供比较优惠的合作条件。